Physical and mechanical properties of materials melting temperature 9 density 10 youngs modulus 11. The magnetic anisotropy in a single crystal of iron is shown in fig. These properties are represented as the average mechanical properties of the species. Only a few cast iron manufacturers in india have these facilities, so if you want to outsource ductile cast irons or any machined component in general to a. This is the stable form of pure carbon in cast iron. Mechanical properties of cast iron, mild iron and steel at historical structures. Pdf simulation of mechanical properties of gray cast iron. This means that wrought steel has some of the structural properties of cast steel, such as additional weight of metal required to have the same structural integrity as a similar piece of forged steel. Cast iron is an iron alloy characterized by its relatively high carbon content usually 2 % to 4%. Author links open overlay panel fangrui lin zhixing chen bin liu yong liu chengshang zhou. Ductile cast iron has high fluidity, excellent castability, strength, high toughness, excellent wear resistance, pressure tightness, weldability and higher machinability in comparison to grey cast iron. Perhapsthemostnatural test of amaterials mechanical properties is the tensiontest,in which astriporcylinderofthematerial,havinglengthlandcrosssectionalareaa,isanchoredatone end and subjected to an axial load p a load acting along the specimens long. A fully ferritic structure with recrystallized grains is.
The main commercial applications for silicon are in semiconductors and solar cells. Wrought iron is an iron alloy with very low carbon content with respect to cast iron. Previous works 1, 2 on ductile cast iron showed that the main factors affecting the mechanical properties are metallurgical structures. The effect of copper addition on the mechanical and wear. First cast to white iron and then heattreated to produce nodular graphite precipitates. Due to the difficulty to perform mechanical tests on the real oxides presented in the form of multiple laminated stratums, the elastic modulus of iron oxides remains unknown. Perhapsthemostnatural test of amaterials mechanical properties is the tensiontest,in which astriporcylinderofthematerial,havinglengthlandcrosssectionalareaa,isanchoredatone end and subjected to an axial load p a load acting along the specimens long axis at the other. Identification of physical and mechanical properties of various metals a. Elastic deformation e is youngs modulusor modulus of elasticity, has the same units as. Mechanical properties in thinwall ductile iron castings.
Comparison of the mechanical properties of steel and. A mechanical properties model has been developed to quantitatively describe the relationship between selected mechanical properties, such as hardness, tensile strength, and elongation, and the. Mechanical and structural properties of ductile cast iron. It is found that increase in the carbides in an alloy which resulted in to enhancement in hardness and wear resistance. Nonferrous metals are used because of its properties such as higher conductivity e. Mechanical properties of ductile irons1 cast iron science. Printer friendly version pdf download download as pdf excel download.
Physical and mechanical properties of materials melting temperature 9 density 10 youngs modulus 11 yield stress and tensile strength 12 fracture toughness environmental resistance 14 uniaxial tensile response of selected metals and polymers 15 iii. Ductile iron owes its remarkable mechanical properties to the spheroidal shape of its graphite. The distinguishing characteristics or qualities that are used to describe a substance such as. The grades of ductile iron designated by their tensile properties in the specification astm a536 are presented in a table. After it has cooled, the steel is reheated and rolled into a final finished shape. Determining hardness and other properties of steel, iron and. Pure iron has two main applications, chemical inert vessels and soft magnetic cores. It discusses the hardness properties, tensile properties, shear and torsional properties, damping capacity, compressive properties, fatigue properties, and fracture toughness of ductile iron. C engineering materials manual, reinhold publishing corporation. The following rules come into force on april 1st, 2009. Sae j434 for automotive ductile nodular iron castings. Physical properties mechanical properties applications.
It discusses the hardness properties, tensile properties, shear and. Sae j434 for automotive ductile nodular iron castings by dandong foundry in china. Mechanical properties and performance of materials samples of engineering materials are subjected to a wide variety of mechanical tests to measure their strength, elastic constants, and other material properties as well as their performance under a variety of actual use conditions and environments. Elwakil1,4 abstract waterworks fittings and accessories are important applications for ductile irons. Comparing the structure and mechanical properties of.
Variability of the mechanical properties of wrought iron from historic. In both cases mechanical properties are something you care less about compared to advantages tied to cost and specific performance. International journal of refractory metals and hard materials. F ao f is load applied parallel to the upper and lower faces each of which has an area a0. Carbon is present in the form of plates in gray cast iron, whereas it is incorporated as a compound fe 3 c cementite in white cast iron. Steel offers great strength, even though it is light in weight. The followings are its other equivalent grades, its mechanical properties, chemical composition, castings and foundri. However, the mechanical properties are usually very good. The mechanical properties stated in these rules shall be verified by means of tensile tests. To demonstrate the distinguishing mechanical properties of steel and ductile iron, large diameter samples were gathered, cut, and subjected to mechanical property testing. Mechanical properties of iron comprise of its density, tensile strength, viscosity, vapor pressure.
It belongs to group 8, periodic number 4 of the periodic table. The outstanding properties of ductile iron are due to. Pdf this article reports on an experimental study of the physical and mechanical properties of polystyrene ps and feps polymer. While the graphite enhances the desirable properties of cast iron, the flakes dis. Wood handbookchapter 4mechanical properties of wood. Pdf investigation of mechanical properties of carbidic. Cast iron contains tensile strength of about 150nmm 2 and the compressive strength is about 600nmm 2. The mechanical properties of iron are tabulated below.
Mechanical properties of an iron oxide formed by corrosion in. Materials data book 2003 edition cambridge university engineering department. The mechanical properties of glass theoretical strength, practical strength, fatigue, flaws, toughness, chemical processes glass engineering 150. Microscopically, all gray irons contain flake graphite dispersed in a siliconiron matrix. Some of the common classifications are based on the appearance of their fracture. Its important physical properties are low density, low hardness and high thermal conductivity and lubricity. The distinguishing characteristics or qualities that are used to describe a substance such as metal are known as its physical properties. Iron carbon 30 aluminium copper 30 aluminium silicon 31.
Comparing mechanical properties of steel and ductile iron 2011. Pdf physical and mechanical properties of iron powder filled. Mechanical properties of an iron oxide formed by corrosion. A study of the microstructure and mechanical properties of. Home tips and facts mechanical properties of gray iron. This sae standard covers the minimum mechanical properties measured on separately cast test pieces of varying thickness and microstructural requirements for ductile iron castings used in automotive and allied industries. Physical and mechanical properties of silicon by insaco. Microstructure and mechanical properties of iron containing titanium metalmetal composites. The insulating shell used in investment castings has a very significant effect on the microstructure that forms when producing ductile iron. The graphite morphology determines the mechanical properties of ductile iron. The capacity of this machine is 10,000 pounds tension and compression. Graphite shape, which can range from flake to spherical, plays a significant role in determining the mechanical properties of cast irons. This paper describes the preparation and mechanical properties of an extensive series of very pure alloys of electrolytic iron, carbon, and manganese whose. This article evaluates and identifies the most important variables affecting the mechanical properties and carbide formation in thinwall ductile iron castings and suggests the most economical.
Many of the mechanical properties of wood tabulated in this chapter were derived from extensive sampling and analysis procedures. The objective of the present work is to increase the wear resistance for long life of applications. Physical and engineering properties describes the importance of iron and its properties, as well as the process of casting in the different fields of engineering. Aug, 20 physical properties mechanical properties applications.
Some properties, such as tension parallel to the grain, and all properties for some imported species are based on a more limited. Mechanical properties mechanical properties of steel. Cast iron properties, classification, chemical composition. Work by wert4 has shown that the yield strength of ironcarbon alloys in. These are briefly suggested below and explained in more detail under process steps. When molten, cast iron solidifies some of the carbon precipitates as graphite, forming tiny, irregular flakes within the and cry stal structure of the metal 2. Silicon is the second most abundant element on earth. Cast iron has good corrosion resistance, so it can be used for watercarrying pipes etc. Effects of silicon on mechanical properties and fracture toughness of heavysection ductile cast iron liang song 1,2, erjun guo 2, liping wang 2 and dongrong liu 2 1 school of materials science and engineering, heilongjiang university of. Introduction to materials science, chapter 6, mechanical properties of metals university of tennessee, dept.
The rigidity and dampening factor of cast iron make it an excellent material for machine tool frames and parts. Results revealed that mechanical properties decrease with increasing size of casting module. It is soft, ductile, magnetic, and has high elasticity and tensile strength. Iron makes up 5% of the earths crust and is one of the most abundantly available metals. Because every mechanical system is subjected to loads during operation, it is important to understand how the materials that make up those mechanical systems behave. The meet structural expectations of ductile iron, more in process controls, closer iron control, and more analyses and tests are necessary.
Hardness, brinell, 146, 146, converted from vickers for 3000 kg load10 mm ball. This article evaluates and identifies the most important variables affecting the mechanical properties and carbide formation in thinwall ductile iron. To demonstrate the distinguishing mechanical properties of steel and ductile iron. Effect of graphite nodularity on mechanical properties of ductile iron for waterworks fittings and accessories a. The test is performed using a loading apparatus such as the tinius olsen machine.
The literature data for elastic modulus of yfe, the hightemperature phase. Nonferrous metals are those which do not contain significant quantity of iron ferrite or iron as the base metal. Influence of cooling rate and antimony addition content on. Comparison of the mechanical properties of steel and ductile iron. The current aisc lrfd manual 2001 only requires impact testing in one. An evaluation of mechanical properties and part quality in. The paper deals with elastic properties of iron oxides formed in reinforced concrete structures. All the mechanical properties mentioned above affect the quality of the cast iron ductile, gray, so it is important to choose a manufacturer that meticulously undertakes these states. This page describes the mechanical properties of materials that are relevant to the design and analysis of mechanical systems.
Cast iron is an alloy of carbon over 2% and other elements. They found that the higher pearlite content led to faster tool wear and higher cutting force. In fact, the ratio of strength to weight for steel is lower than any other building material. Oct 11, 2015 pure iron has two main applications, chemical inert vessels and soft magnetic cores. American water works association awwa 2004 manual of water supply practicesm11. These mechanical properties of the metal include strength, stiffness, elasticity, plasticity, ductility, brittleness, malleability, toughness, resilience, creep and. The outstanding properties of ductile iron are due to a nodular or spheroidal. Effect of graphite nodularity on mechanical properties of. A mechanical properties model has been developed to quantitatively describe the relationship between selected mechanical properties, such as hardness, tensile. How much graphite is present, the length of the flakes and how they are distributed in the matrix directly influence the properties of the iron. American water works association awwa 2004 manual of water supply. Article effects of microstructure, mechanical and physical. The followings are its other equivalent grades, its mechanical properties, chemical composition, castings and foundries. Spherical graphite in ductile iron leads to excellent properties, while chunky graphite severely reduces the properties of ductile iron castings.
Chemical properties physical properties mechanical properties thermal properties applications. Engjs5007 is middle grade of ductile cast iron in european standard din en 1563, its equivalent grade in din 1693 is ggg50. Jul 17, 2017 after it has cooled, the steel is reheated and rolled into a final finished shape. Comparison of the mechanical properties of steel and ductile. It can be heated and reheated and worked into various shapes. Mechanical testing included tension tests and hardness tests. Mechanical properties of high purity fec alloys at.
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